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Learn about Biology and the Human Brain

Our brain is beautiful and still largely remains a mystery for scientists. Find out more here!

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Politics and Economics

Learn more about Politics and Economics Here

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alterIMAGES

If you want to see beautiful images and read their descriptions, then this is the place for you!

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alterFACTS

For random interesting facts and their explanations!

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Random

For random stuff and a good laugh!

Saturday 26 January 2013

Pro-Life Atheism: You Don't Have To Be Religious To Be Against Abortion

I'm atheist. On Dawkin's religiosity scale of 1 to 7 (1 being extremely religious and 7 completely atheist) I'm 6.9 (just like Mr. Dawkins himself). God plays no role in my life and I find the idea of an intelligent creator of the universe who sits up in the heaven and concerns himself with what hand I wash my ass with or when (and with what gender) I have sex with quite laughable. At most, I might consider being an agnostic deist. That is, I believe there might some sort of intelligence that created (masterminded) the Universe, but one that does not care for the existence of the humans. However, I'm different from most atheists in one aspect, I do not think that abortion is right (although I'm fully opposed to it either). Unfortunately, this is not the position one wants to find themselves in, as most of pro-lifers also happen to be Christians and believe in pro-life because they think the bearded man sitting on the cloud told them to.
My story is a little bit different. Surrounded by liberals all around, I never gave that much thought to the abortion debate, as I thought it was a given that a woman has a right to choose as it is her body. That is what most liberals argue, and luckily enough for them they aren't met with much opposition as Christians and religious people as such usually fail to adhere to reason which in most cases automatically makes their arguments to a very large extent invalid.
My point of view on the other hand is more "philosophical" (for a lack of a better word). Most people argue that their life will be ruined if they have a child as they won't have time to do whatever it is they were planing to, so they resort to killing a fetus. You might agree with that, but what if the baby was born? Let's assume that the baby is a day old, how is it different from killing that child as opposed to killing it inside the mother? Some will say that this reasoning is unfair and wrong, but it's not. Let's look at the facts. Both the baby inside and the baby outside of the mother are still unconscious of their existence. Both will grow up to be conscious and aware of their existence, learn to love, feel etc. Sure, one can say that some babies are aborted before they are even 'alive', but that is the line of reasoning that is wrong. Whether or not the baby is alive at the time of its abortion is very irrelevant, what is relevant is that both are still unaware of their existence. How is it fair to claim that one baby should have the right to live while the other doesn't just because the first one was lucky enough to be given enough time to have it's nervous system grown (something it has no control over)?
When I was first realized  this, I was shocked. Why is it that so many liberals believe that abortion is right? In fact, assuming the absence of religion and following the line of reasoning I wrote above, it seems that the liberals would have been pro-life, and conservatives ( who are more individualistic)
pro-choice.
So the question then remains, assuming there was no religion, why would one be pro-choice? And in my opinion, this is the most interesting part. That is because deep down inside we are individualistic, egoistic and cruel animals. But there are two reasons why we don't act in such a way, first one of which is the so-called social contract. "Social contract arguments typically posit that individuals have consented, either explicitly or tacitly, to surrender some of their freedoms and submit to the authority of the ruler or magistrate (or to the decision of a majority), in exchange for protection of their remaining rights". Killing newborn babies would most certainly be a violation of such contract.
The second reason is evolutionary psychology. That is, the involuntary decisions that we make. As I had previously mentioned in one of my earlier posts, one has all sorts of involuntary reactions when they look, smell, touch or even see a baby (and what's even more amazing is that the baby can be of a different species). Dopamine is released in the brain and one is overcome with a sudden urge to protect the baby, while some of us can't stop involuntarily smiling at them. That is because our brain has a special face-recognition "program" that can tell apart a baby, who has comically over-sized eyes and a disproportionate face just to aid the brain in recognition.



So when we hear of a baby being hurt, most of us will be angered and sad. When a parent kills their 2-month old baby we are outraged (think how much it disgusts you just reading that), but we don't give it a second a thought when a fetus is aborted. And that is because it is "only" a fetus. We haven't seen so we didn't bond emotionally with them yet. And if the fetus is in the earlier stages of development, then what's worse is that it hasn't yet had a chance to grow those characteristics on its face that we label as cute.


And that is pretty much my principal argument. Of course, there are instances when the situation becomes more confusing (what if the woman was raped?). These are the issues I will not discuss as it is not the point of this post. I'm merely adhering to the fact that the pro-lifers are fighting for the wrong reasons.

Economic Performances of the US Presidents

On average the US presidents tend to do a worse job in terms of the economy during their second term. This is a graph from the economist, comparing the economic performances of the presidents. How do you think Obama will do?


Friday 25 January 2013

alterFACT: IBM's 1964 Supercomputer Was Much Bigger And Much Weaker Than Your Smartphone

IBM's 1964 360/91 model computer had an internal memory of 8Mb and was humongous. It was housed by NASA and was at the time the most powerful computer in the world. Your smartphone is thousands of times more powerful than this device



The Strange Future of the World and Nanotechnology

Someone born in 1930 would never have believed that billions of people would fly around the world in metal tubes called airplanes, that a man would walk on the moon and that you will be reading this on a metal box called the computer connected to the rest of the world through the Internet. 
Now it's time to embrace the new world of the future. Where scientists will move single atoms to create new nano-structures to achieve the most remarkable achievements. The new world of opportunities. The new world of Nano.



Wednesday 23 January 2013

On This Day: End Of the Vietnam War

Exactly 40 years ago on this day President Richard Nixon proudly announced the whole world that the peace deal with Northern Vietnam has been signed. At that point American troops have been involved in Vietnam for over a decade, with over 500,000 deployed at the height in 1967. The peace treaty didn't last long as there were frequent violations of it until 1975, when a full-fledged war between the North and the South started. Unsurprisingly, it was the North that came on top with Ho Chi Minh proclaiming himself the ruler of the finally united and independent Vietnam.

Bad news Dick, the latest polls suggest that you are in fact a crook

Ironically, the war could have finished way before. In 1968, United States were going through a presidential election. Hubert Humphrey, the vice-President of Lyndon B. Johnson (Democrat) was running against Richard Nixon (Republican). Nixon was winning pre-election polls by large, but Humphrey made-up fast by rapidly progressing the Paris Peace talks to stop the Vietnam War. A few days before the election, Humphrey actually brokered a temporary ceasefire, and it seemed that the war was about to end and Humphrey was about to be elected the new president. However, things changed rapidly one day before the elections, when the South Vietnamese (American Allies) suddenly withdrew from the talks. It seems highly suspicious that the American allies withdrew from the talks one day before the elections, and as it later turned out, it was Johnson aides who convinced the South Vietnamese that they were being tricked and would be sold out right after the elections.
The result of this whole thing was that Nixon became the newly elected president, and the war dragged on for another 5 years and cost hundreds of thousands of lives.

Read the original 1973 article about the Nixon announcement here

Lyndon Johnson explains what happened in a tapped phone conversation

alterFACT: You Are More Likely To Die On Your Birthday

The study carried out by "serious" (as BBC calls them) Swiss scientists shows that you are 14% more likely to die on your birthday than any other day. The study analysed 2.5 million death in Switzerland between 1969 and 2008.

Some claim that the dogs playing dead were mistakenly accounted for as well

There are number of hypothesis to explain this phenomena. Some say that people "hang on" to their birthday, while  others attribute this statistic to the fact that one is more likely to take greater risk on their birthday, such as drunk driving. There is also a possibility that some documents had wrong dates.

Tuesday 22 January 2013

alterIMAGE: When Lava Meets Water



So nature has done it again! This stunning photo is what happens when lava and seawater meet.  The water will get into the cracks of the lava flow’s surface, causing it to rapidly expand. The intense heat will convert the water to steam. At the same time, the cooling effect of the water causes the lava to solidify. All together this creates some pretty violent explosions from the combination of rocks, water, steam, and sparks of lava. If a wave splashes over the flow, the action is quite impressive as well (in terms of photography, but it’s actually pretty dangerous if you’re too close). What happens is that the water almost instantly will vaporize, which sends large rocks flying…so keep your distance. The steam is also very dangerous. Besides from being extremely hot, it contains volcanic glass particles, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. Seems like another legit reason to swim away if you see lava heading towards the ocean. But from an artistic standpoint, it’s truly spectacular.

Can Time Literally Stop?

According to Professor Jose Senovilla, Marc Mars and Raul Vera of the University of Basque Country, yes. This was the radical solution that the group of scientists have come up with to solve one of the biggest mysteries of the Universe, the dark energy. Dark energy is the name scientists gave to the unknown energy that is fundamentally changing our Universe.

As physics developed in the 20th century, scientists have assumed three possibilities as the ultimate fate of the universe, they were dependent on the shape and the density of the Universe. If Omega (the ratio of actual density of the Universe to the critical density) is less than 1, then the Universe is sphere-like and will expand at an ever-slowing rate before it completely comes to a halt and starts collapsing on itself, presumably creating another Big Bang in the future and starting the whole cycle again. If Omega is less than 1, then Universe is negatively curved (see image below) and expands at an ever expanding rate. There is also another option, in my opinion, the most interesting one. If Omega equals exactly to one, then  the Universe is flat (yes, you read that correctly) and expands at an ever-slowing rate, but never completely coming to a halt, similarly to our favorite high school function, asymptote. Interestingly enough, that seems to be the case! The Universe is flat up to 1% to 2% and has Omega of exactly 1. Which all seemed cool and perfect, until scientists realized that the Universe is not slowing down, and doesn't seem to have any intention to do so and that in fact it's speeding up.

A football, a saddle and a board game...I don't see the point you're trying to make...

To counter this seemingly fundamental problem, scientists came up with dark energy. It is not called so because it doesn't reflect light, but because no one really knows what it is, what it looks like, has ever observed it or can certainly predict its existence (that's science for you!). It is this dark energy which acts kind of like anti-gravity, forcing matter away from each other therefore speeding up the expansion of the Universe. Interestingly enough, Albert Einstein came up with a similar theory almost a hundred years ago, only to scrap off the idea later and call it his biggest regret in life. Little did he know that now this theory has been acknowledged by most scientists.

There are however alternatives to that theory, and that is what I wrote above earlier. The time slowing down theory is a substitute to the theory of dark energy. It predicts that time will come to an end, literally. Don't wait for me to describe that for you visually, because physics is physics, and our brains are in no way developed (adapted) enough to visualize anything outside our immediate environment.

"We do not say that the expansion of the universe itself is an illusion," he explains. "What we say it may be an illusion is the acceleration of this expansion - that is, the possibility that the expansion is, and has been, increasing its rate."

"Instead, if time gradually slows but we naively kept using our equations to derive the changes of the expansion with respect of 'a standard flow of time', then the simple models that we have constructed in our paper show that an "effective accelerated rate of the expansion" takes place."

And although the change is infinitesimally small for a person to notice, it makes a difference on the grand scale of the Universe. So if the time really is stopping, then it seems to us that the distant galaxies are accelerating (even if they're not actually).

The scientists have also calculated that it will take billions and billions of years for time to completely stop.

"Then everything will be frozen, like a snapshot of one instant, forever," Prof Senovilla tells New Scientist magazine. "Our planet will be long gone by then."

How unfortunate.



If Life Began 24 Hours Ago

A lot of you might have heard this before, but it's still worth mentioning. The Universal Clock is a thought experiment that scales the history of the Universe and separately of the Earth to a 24-hour clock. So if the Big Bang (or the formation of the Earth) happened at 12 am and right now was 12 pm, when would the major (on a scale of the Universe) events happen?

Universe


12 midnight
15, 000,000,000 years ago
Big Bang
4.8 pm
4,500,000,000 years ago
Earth formed
5.6 pm
4,000,000,000 years ago
Life begins (prokaryotes)
9.6 pm
1,500,000,000 years ago
Eukaryotes appear
10.88 pm
700,000,000 years ago
Multicellular organisms appear
11.136 pm
540,000,000 years ago
Cambrian explosion in seas
11.36 pm
400,000,000 years ago
Insects appear on land
11.632 pm
230,000,000 years ago
First dinosaurs appear
11.664 pm
210,000,000 years ago
First mammals appear
11.792 pm
130,000,000 years ago
Flowering plants appear
11.896 pm
65,000,000 years ago
Dinosaurs (& 90% of all species) wiped out after meteorite
11.9936 pm
4,000,000 years ago
Hominids appear
1 second ago
173,600 years ago

11.99984 pm           
100,000 years ago              
Modern homo sapiens appear
11.999984 pm          
10,000 years ago                
Neolithic cultures appear
11.999992 pm          
5000 years ago                  
Civilizations appear
11.999996 pm          
2500 years ago                  
Time of Confucius, Buddha, Cyrus, Pericles, Mahavira, Pythagoras

11.999999 pm          
500 years ago                   
European voyages of exploration and conquest begin

11.9999997 pm        
137 years ago                   
Slavery ended in US
11.9999999 pm          
18 years ago                     
2004 HS graduate born
12 midnight               
0 years ago                       
Today


I think we can all agree that that is one weirdass clock


Earth

12 midnight
4,500,000,000 years ago
Earth formed
2.67 am
4,000,000,000 years ago
Life begins (prokaryotes)
4 pm
1,500,000,000 years ago
Eukaryotes appear
8.27 pm
700,000,000 years ago
Multicellular organisms appear
9.12 pm
540,000,000 years ago
Cambrian explosion in seas
9.867 pm
400,000,000 years ago
Insects appear on land
10.77 pm
230,000,000 years ago
First dinosaurs appear
10.88 pm
210,000,000 years ago
First mammals appear
11.31 pm
130,000,000 years ago
Flowering plants appear
11.65 pm
65,000,000 years ago
Dinosaurs (& 90% of all species) wiped out after meteorite
11.787 pm
4,000,000 years ago
Hominids appear
11.945 pm
100,000 years ago
Modern homo sapiens appear
1 second ago
52,083 years ago

11.995 pm
10,000 years ago
Neolithic cultures appear
11.997 pm
5000 years ago
Civilizations appear
11.9987 pm
2500 years ago
Time of Confucius, Buddha, Cyrus, Pericles, Mahavira, Pythagoras
11.9997 pm
500 years ago
European voyages of exploration and conquest begin
11.99993 pm
135 years ago
Slavery ended in US
11.99999 pm
18 years ago
2004 HS graduate born
12 midnight
0 years ago
Today



http://cassian.memphis.edu/history/jmblythe/Global%20F05/UniversalClock.htm